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The Hearts for Peace
Introduction

More than half a century ago, the United States (US) sent tens of millions of soldiers and millions of tonnes of bombs and ammunition to Vietnam. This unjust war was opposed by peace-loving people around the world. In many countries, this opposition took many forms, including conferences, protests as well as propaganda publications such as newspapers, posters, leaflets, and donated money. In the US, organisations and individuals stood up to protest the war. Some women, whose sons and husbands fought in the war, hoped their loved ones would come home soon.

The stories and artifacts introduced in this exhibition reflect peace. The support of people from all over the world created such strength and motivation for Vietnamese people to win the war so our country was unified. More than half a century has passed, yet the solidarity and sincere help of these supporters of Vietnam still touches the hearts of all Vietnamese people.

We will forever respect and be grateful for the hearts of peace of our international friends!

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The political movements against the war

Since the 1960s, people across the world established organisations and conducted political struggles to pressure the US government and embassies in other countries.

Millions of people opposed the war in various forms, including self-immolation, rallies, protests, banning military and weapon cargos and strikes in factories, especially war-supplying industries. Between 1968 and 1972, anti-war movements peaked. Their positive effects attracted the participation of more communities, underlining the many deficiencies of the US position in Vietnam.

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Italian women showed support for Vietnamese people in the war
Women from other countries protested against the war in Vietnam

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Ms. Nguyen Thi Chon and Ms. Ma Thi Chu represented a delegation of Vietnamese women who attended the Congress of the World Democratic Women Federation in Helsinki, Finland. They called on women from other countries to support Vietnam in fighting against the Americans in June 1969.
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The Soviet Women’s Committee issued a joint statement “Women fight for peace and support the end of the war in Vietnam” in 1962.
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A seminar in Tokyo, Japan in October, 1972 accused the Americans of crimes against Vietnamese women and children during wartime.
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Women in Guyana protested against the war in Vietnam in front of the US embassy.
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People in Finland protested to support Vietnam in the war against the Americans.
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Norwegian women protested the use of B52 bombs in North Vietnam.
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Women in West Germany protested in support of Vietnamese women in 1973.
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People in West Germany protested in support of Vietnamese women and children in the conflict.
Women from other countries protested against the war in Vietnam

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50,000 people in Sichuan province, China gathered to hold a rally to express their resolution in support of the Vietnamese people.
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The Nationwide Women's Organisation of India protested against bombing in Hanoi and Haiphong with the slogan “Go away, the American invaders!” outside the US Information Library in India in 1966.
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Hungarians held a meeting on March 8th 1968 to protest against the war in Vietnam.
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Cypriot women protested against the war in Vietnam.
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People in Ecuador marched in support of the Vietnamese people.
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More than 4,000 people protested for an end to the Vietnam War before the Mark Hopkins Hotel in San Francisco, June 26, 1965 where President Johnson was expected to stay and deliver a speech to mark the 20th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations.
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American women joined a “sit-in protest” in front of the White House to demand an end to detention in the "tiger cage" and torture political prisoners in South Vietnam.
Joint statement of the meeting in Jakarta
Excerpts of the Joint Statement of the meeting between the American women’s delegation, the delegation of the South Vietnam Women's Liberation Association and the Vietnam Women's Union, which was signed after the tripartite meeting in Jakarta, Indonesia on July 18, 1965.
“American people should not condone this cruel war which is daily killing Vietnamese people and American men. American mothers have not borne and brought up their sons to kill the innocent and to sacrifice themselves in an unjust cause. Citizens in a democracy have the right and responsibility to change a govermental policy which is immortal. We urge American women to work with declaration to stop the war in Vietnam. It is essential that the Geneva Agreement be implemented without delay: this means the withdrawal of U.S. troops from South Vietnam, the cessation of acts of war against North Vietnam, and the Vietnamese people left free to settle their own affairs without foreign interference... As women, we cannot rest until Vietnamese children, American children, all children, are free to grow up in peace and security.”
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More than 450 valuable documents and objects from the meeting in Jakarta returned to Vietnam
The Vietnam Women's Museum is hosting more than 450 artifacts (letters, reports, books, notebooks, newspapers, magazines) from the meeting between American women and those from the South and North Vietnam in Jakarta, Indonesia in 1965. The documents clearly reflect the views and common voices of women of the two nations about the war in Vietnam. They also highlight the role of the Vietnam Women's Union in diplomatic efforts and negotiations for peace, independence and freedom. These artifacts are special as they were kept for more than half a century by the lawyer Nancy Hollander – the youngest member of the American women’s delegation who attended the meeting in Jakarta. She always thought they should finally rest in Vietnam. In 2019, Nancy Hollander personally gave these valuable artifacts to the Vietnamese Women’s Museum to preserve.
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Mrs. Nancy Hollander, Mrs. Nguyen Thi Binh and attendants in the Receiving Ceremony of material donated by Mrs. Nancy Holander to the Vietnamese Women’s Museum on March 7 2019.
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Mrs. Nancy Hollander, Mrs. Nguyen Thi Binh and attendants in the Receiving Ceremony of material donated by Mrs. Nancy Holander to the Vietnamese Women’s Museum on March 7 2019.
Women Strike for Peace (WSP) – an organisation fighting for peace

WSP was established on November 1, 1961 due to the Soviet Union and United States atomic bomb testing. Seeing the danger of nuclear war, women in countries around the world, including the US, founded this organisation with the goal of fighting against nuclear weapons, nuclear war, and protecting peace.

After being established for over a year, WSP focused began directing its activities towards the war in Vietnam. It organised conferences, meetings, marches and protests at the US Congress to oppose the war and ask the Americans to go home. It also issued different types of badges, the MEMO newspapers (from 1961 to 1972) to highlight Vietnam. After the Paris Agreement in January 27, 1973, MEMO was discontinued. WSP has redirected its work to women's rights until now.

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WSP activities to support Vietnam

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Badge of the Women Strike for Peace worn by participants in meetings and marches to protest against the war in Vietnam during 1961 to 1972.
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The "MEMO" magazine, published in 1971 by the Women Strike for Peace in America, includes an articles demanding the withdrawal of all US troops from Indochina and Vietnam and an interview with Ms. Nguyen Thi Binh, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam.
Letter to Norman Morrison’s wife

On November 2, 1965, Norman Morrison – an American set himself on fire in front of the Fifth Floor - Washington to protest the US war in Vietnam. His death sparked an anti-Vietnam war movement within the US.

On November 4, 1965 Haiphong Women's Union sent a letter to his wife and his family. The letter expressed the sincere respect and gratitude of Haiphong people especially women when they heard that Morrison had set himself on fire to protest America’s war in Vietnam.

Excerpt from the letter:

“Mr. Norman Morrison was a young American man who sacrificed his happiness and family to burn himself to protest against the American imperialists and the war in Vietnam. His act represents an indignant indictment and manifestation of the utter disagreement of the American people on the war of the American imperialists in Vietnam. His sacrifice, as you told, expresses a deep concern about the patriotic, righteous resistance war that we are undertaking and the sympathy for the devastating trauma the American imperialists have caused us for the past 11 years. It also shows the strong ties between the people of both countries in the fight against the American imperialists.”

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Vietnam Courie No. 40, published by Vietnam News Agency on November 18, 1965, wrote about the act of self-immolation by Norman Morrison and a To Huu poem "Emily, my child" with moving words to Emily, 18 months old, the youngest daughter of Norman Morrison.

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French women fight for peace in Vietnam

“Since 1965, March 8 was selected by French women to stay up all night against the aggression war of the US in Vietnam. The "White Night" took place throughout France from Paris to Lion, from Nantes to Marseille, from urban to rural, thousands of French women had gathered together. Thousands of friendship letters sent to Vietnamese women were written over those nights. The letters showed solidarity in supporting Vietnamese women in their anti-American war. Hundreds of letters were also sent to American women to encourage them to ask the US government to stop the aggression war in Vietnam. They signed their names on the petitions against the US aggression and sent them to American barracks, American consulates in Paris and other provinces. ”

(Excerpt from Women's World Supporting Us, Women's Publishing House, Hanoi, 1977)

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Called "Gathering in Paris Day”, 5,000 women in Paris and the suburbs gathered at the US embassy on March 30, 1968 to call for an end to the war in Vietnam.
French women fight for peace in Vietnam

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Photos and documents of the "Nouveau village" Women's Association in Bobigny, France, sent to Vietnamese women in 1968 to express their solidarity with Vietnamese women and affirmed their determination to support Vietnam in fighting against the Americans.
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A meeting of French women propagandized the resistance war of Vietnamese people in Marseille, July 1969.
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Youth in Paris displayed posters in a rally supporting Vietnam in the war against America in July 1968.
"Save our children" organisation in Australia

In Australia, the government supported the American invasion and sent 8,000 troops to Vietnam. However, the people did not support it. The movement against US aggression in Vietnam developed very strongly. Australia's "Save our Children" organisation was widely joined by many groups in many fields to demand the government withdraw troops from Vietnam. Every month, they gathered in the centre of Melbourne and carried banners outside the army whenever recruiting soldiers.

Due to the defeat of the Americans in Vietnam and the strong struggle of the Australian people, the Australian Government withdrew its troops from 1970. It was a victory for the Vietnamese and Australian peoples. "

(Excerpt from Women's World Supporting Us, Women's Publishing House, Hanoi, 1977)

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The first demonstration of women in Melbourne, Australia to protest the government sending young people to Vietnam to be mercenaries for the US, July 1965.
The protest of Australian women against the war in Vietnam

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Australian women mobilise to urge youth not to fight in Vietnam, April 1971.
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Australian women wear shirts printed with words against American aggression in Vietnam, November 1967.
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The apron New Zealand women used in demonstrations: “Mourn that man has again descended into the baseness of war in Vietnam”.
Publishing propaganda to spread the anti-war spirit

Along with the political struggles, propaganda publications spread anti-war messages around the world. Articles, magazines, newsletters, posters and leaflets in the United States, Australia, France, United Kingdom and many other countries updated and faithfully reflected the aggressive US war. These publications helped people understand the war in Vietnam and the anti-war movement in many countries. The posters and leaflets called on people to participate in movements against the war and demanded peace for Vietnam and supported Vietnamese people spiritually.

Publishing propaganda to spread the anti-war spirit

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Sunday Observer newspaper, published in Melbourne, Australia, denounced American crimes in Vietnam, December 14, 1969
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An article against the US using napalm in Vietnam.
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Bulletin on the Vietnam war by Peace Garden Organisation published in the US, 1970.
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The magazine printed by Sweden National Liberation Front to support Vietnam in 1965.
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Liberation Magazine published many articles protesting the Vietnam war 1969.
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Leaflets from Women’s Struggle for Peace Association demanding the withdrawal of American troops from Vietnam.
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The leaflets appealed to American women to respond the campaign against the invasion in Vietnam by “mourning every Tuesday”. During that day, they did not do business nor go to movies, restaurants. They wore black armbands and attended memorial celebrations for those who had died during the Vietnam War.
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The leaflets in 1971 were printed by a progressive French organisation protesting US bombing of Northern Vietnam threatening the lives of 15 million Vietnamese.
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The flyer published by the Austrian Women’s Organisation to protest the American war in Vietnam.
Publishing propaganda to spread the anti-war spirit

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An American Veterans Organisation poster in 1965 demanding the US Government end the Vietnam War.
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A poster against the war in Vietnam by Cambridge students released in the summer of 1967.
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A poster in Modena, Italy calling for a protest to end the war and bring liberty to Vietnam.
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A poster against the war in Vietnam released by an Italian Union in 1968.
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A poster published by the Swedish National Liberation Front calls for a campaign to support Vietnam against the US invasion, October 7, 1973.
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A poster printed by people in Sydney encouraged Vietnamese women to fight for liberty, March 1975.
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A poster of the Swedish Women's Union was released to gather signatures and raise money to support Vietnamese people in 1972.
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Poster by the Australian people supporting Vietnamese to fight against the American enemy. It was written with Uncle Ho’s immortal saying “Nothing is more precious than freedom and independence”, 1969.
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Poster from Cuba’s Committee of Solidarity published on the 13th foundation anniversary of National Liberation Front for Southern Vietnam, December 1973.
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Poster called on American people to participate in ending the war in Vietnam.
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Poster called for a demonstration in front of the American Embassy in Stockholm, Sweden, 1972.
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Poster called for a demonstration in front of the American Embassy in London, England to end the war in Vietnam.
Dispatching sincere support to Vietnam

Women around the world, such as in America, Australia, Austria, Russia, France, Germany and Japan held a variety of activites to support Vietnamese people and especially women, such as working more shifts to send aid goods to Vietnam, mobilising donations and medicine, and gifts to Vietnam and writing letters to encourage and share their sympathy to Vietnamese women and its people. Thousands of letters and millions of aid goods all over the world were sent to Vietnam. They all joined hands to wish Vietnam became a
peaceful country.

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The movement “1¥ Japanese Yen supporting for Vietnam” mobilised by the Japanese Women’s Union
The movement “1¥ Japanese Yen supporting for Vietnam” mobilised by the Japanese Women’s Union attracted a lot of Japanese women. They created various products such as money saving tubes which were carved making money saving tube carved Vietnamese women wearing conical hats and holding a baby in one hand and a gun in the other. It was placed in each Japanese family to encourage family members to save money in the tube, issue posters and pictures relating to Vietnam’s resistance war, make paper and cloth dolls, paper flower strings attached to paper birds, plastic badges with the words “The American leaving Vietnam”. They did everything to sell and save money to support Vietnam. They earned 700,000¥ Yen from 25,0000 paper flower strings and sent money to Vietnam.
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Japanese women opened saving tubes in 1969
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Japanese women opened saving tubes in 1969
Japanese women's support to Vietnam

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A saving money tube mobilised by Japanese Women’s Union used in the movement “1¥ supporting Vietnam”, June 1966.
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Paper dolls made by Japanese women to sell in support of Vietnamese women.
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Postcards made by Japanese women to propagandize and sell in support of Vietnam against the Americans.
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Postcards made by Japanese women to propagandize in support of Vietnam.
The movement “A solidarity train with Vietnam”

In 1968, responding to the movement “A solidarity train with
Vietnam” mobilised by the French Communist Party, the French
Women’s Union conducted a movement called “Knitting clothes for Vietnam”. Some girls schools (headmasters, teachers, students) all took part. In families, children gathered wool, mothers knitted and fathers composed poems to
Vietnamese soldiers. More than 2,000 pullovers were sent to Vietnamese soldiers. Besides, selling goods to donate money for Vietnam took place. Hundreds of striped scarves, thousands of postcards for peace, thousands of rice bags with the image of Vietnamese women were sold by French women as part of their meaningful work in support of Vietnam.They donated 25 million ₣ for the movement “A Solidarity train with Vietnam”

(Excerpt from “International women support us, Women Publishing House, Hanoi, 1977).

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Postcard sold by French women on March 8th in support of Vietnam
French women's support to Vietnam

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Articles and images in the notebook of the women’s group Saint Cyprien, a member of the French Women’s Union in Toulouse, with donations for the movement “A Solidarity train with Vietnam”.
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Articles and images in the notebook of the women’s group Saint Cyprien, a member of the French Women’s Union in Toulouse, with donations for the movement “A Solidarity train with Vietnam”.
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A solidarity train with Vietnam of French women
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French women donated money to support Vietnamese against the Americans.
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Aid goods from French people for Vietnamese.
Dispatching sincere support to Vietnam

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Members of the Swedish Women’s Union in Stockholm, 1972 canvassed for signatures to protest against the Americans dropping bombs in Vietnam.
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Donation box of the Swedish Women’s Union for Vietnam.
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Sticker “American army” withdraw from Indochinese” printed and sold in support of Vietnam against the Americans by the organisation UNLF.
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Dish with the song “Help Vietnam” issued by the Federal Republic of Germany organisation For Vietnam to support the Vietnamese people against the American war.
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Album of the Democratic Federation’s Women in Strausberg conducted donations and signatures of German citizens to support Vietnam, 1968.
Sincere support of women from other countries

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Receipt of aid goods including 65 parcels weighing 4,578kg presented by Russian women to Vietnamese women, 1968.
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Vietnam Women’s Union received 120 tonnes of aid goods from Russian women to give to Vietnamese kids and women, April 1969.
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Austrian women knitting woolen blankets for Vietnamese kids and women.
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Madam Nguyen Thi Binh, Head of delegates of the National Liberation Women’s Union for Southern Vietnam, received goods from Austrian women for Vietnamese kids and women in Vienna, October 1965.
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Madam Le Thi Xuyen, Vice President of the Vietnam Women’s Union received clothes donated from the movement “Gift from Heart” of Polish women to Vietnamese kids and women, 1968.
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Hungarian women gave 20,000 woolen blankets to Vietnamese women.
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Poster “The war is over” issued in America after Vietnam declared victory and liberated Southern Vietnam, uniting the country.
Apology to Vietnam from an American Mother

There is an extraordinary object’s story we wanted to share with you. It is not just a story relating to support, it is of an American mother 20 years ago. On July 26, 1994, the earrings with an apology letter were sent accidentally to Danang Post Office. She wrote in her letter: “Dear Sirs, after the Vietnam war, a young service man brought home to the US, these earrings – as a gift for his mother. I am now returning them and asking for Vietnam for forgiveness, as I believe they were made from wedding rings of the dead Vietnamese soldiers. So sad! I am so sorry! I also believe they brought grief, pain and bad luck to the young serviceman as he has had a terrible life all these years. Ms Cecila M.Goto is a mother of a navy soldier who served time in the Vietnam war. She had been heartbroken for nearly two decades with her son’s sense of guilt. The mother hoped sending these earrings to Vietnam with an apology would bring peace to all and her family. All above, we feel the meaning and value of the word “Peace” from this story.

For more information about this story, please see on our museum website at https://baotangphunu.org.vn/en/apology-to-vietnam-from-an-american-mother/

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The End
Materials and artifacts of VWM related to support from overseas communities during the Vietnam war lack information from countries and people who donated and supported Vietnam. When seeing this exhibit, if you have any memories or artifacts that have strong attachtment to Vietnam during the time we struggled against the Americans, please contact us so we can complete this meaningful and valuable collection.
Language support by British Council